Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in all cells in the body. It is produced by the liver and can also be found in certain foods. While the body needs cholesterol to function properly, high levels of cholesterol can lead to serious health issues, such as coronary artery disease.
Several factors contribute to high cholesterol in children and teens, including an unhealthy diet high in saturated fats, a family history of high cholesterol, and obesity. Certain medical conditions like diabetes and kidney disease can also cause high cholesterol in young individuals.
In most cases, there are no visible symptoms of high cholesterol in children and teens. A blood test is necessary to measure cholesterol levels, including total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides. For individuals under 19 years old, healthy cholesterol levels are as follows:
– Total Cholesterol: Less than 170 mg/dL
– Non-HDL: Less than 120 mg/dL
– LDL: Less than 110 mg/dL
– HDL: More than 45 mg/dL
It is recommended that children undergo their first cholesterol test between ages 9 to 11, with follow-up tests every 5 years. Some children may need earlier testing if there is a family history of high cholesterol or heart disease.
The primary treatment for high cholesterol in children and teens involves lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity, healthy eating habits, and weight management. If these changes are not effective in lowering cholesterol levels, medications may be considered for children over 10 years old with persistently high LDL cholesterol levels.
Additionally, clinical trials are being conducted to further research and develop treatments for high cholesterol in children and teens. By addressing high cholesterol early on and implementing healthy lifestyle habits, the risk of heart disease and other complications can be minimized, promoting overall health and well-being in young individuals.
