Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological disorder that affects the nervous system, especially in older adults. It is estimated to impact between 500,000 and 1 million Americans, causing symptoms that worsen over time. The disease can disrupt balance, movement, emotions, cognition, and sleep patterns.
While anyone can develop Parkinson’s disease, men are slightly more likely to get it than women. Having a close family member with PD increases the chances of developing it. Most people begin experiencing symptoms around the age of 70, but some may experience them earlier.
The disease occurs when nerve cells in the brain, particularly in the substantia nigra area, break down and die, leading to a decrease in dopamine levels. The exact cause of this cell breakdown is unknown but is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors.
Common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease include tremors, slowed movement, stiffness, difficulty with speech, balance, and coordination. Non-motor symptoms may include depression, anxiety, loss of smell, constipation, and sleep disorders. As the disease progresses, symptoms may worsen, affecting swallowing, chewing, speaking, and cognitive function.
Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease involves a medical history review, neurological examination, and ruling out other disorders. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through medications like Levodopa, deep brain stimulation, and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. These treatments aim to improve movement symptoms, as well as sleep, constipation, and cognition issues.
Living with Parkinson’s disease is a chronic condition that varies in severity and progression for each individual. While some may experience mild symptoms, others may become more disabled. Many people can lead active lives for years after diagnosis.
Research on Parkinson’s disease is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the disease, developing new medications, and improving care. Organizations like the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) support research and provide resources for those dealing with PD. Getting involved in clinical trials and learning more about available support can help individuals and their loved ones manage the disease effectively.
