The detection of a surge in a paralyzing illness virus through wastewater analysis has raised concerns in the United States. The illness, known as Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM), has been linked to the enterovirus D68 strain and has resulted in life-altering disabilities for many individuals, particularly children. The increase in AFM cases has been observed to follow an every-other-year pattern, with spikes in 2014, 2016, and 2018. However, the pattern was disrupted in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, resulting in a decrease in cases. The rise in AFM cases did not occur in 2022, despite the resurgence of the D68 virus, prompting virologists to investigate the potential reasons behind this phenomenon.
The History of AFM and Enterovirus D68
AFM cases historically peak in September, with the D68 enterovirus strain causing more severe problems since 2014. The first significant spike in pediatric AFM occurred in 2014, with 120 reported cases. Despite years of intensive physical therapy, many individuals affected by AFM are left with lasting disabilities. Subsequent waves of AFM occurred in 2016 and 2018, following an every-other-year pattern. The lockdown in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in AFM cases, with only 32 reported that year. The resurgence of the D68 virus in 2022 did not result in a corresponding increase in AFM cases, presenting a puzzling viral mystery for experts to unravel.
The Impact of AFM on Families
Since 2014, a total of 758 AFM cases have been reported in the United States, leaving hundreds of families and children grappling with the devastating effects of the illness. One such family from Los Altos, California, experienced the sudden onset of AFM in their son, Vishnu, in 2014. Vishnu, then 7 years old, went from playing a game of Monopoly with his family to losing all movement in his arms and legs within an hour. Despite undergoing years of physical therapy, Vishnu still grapples with the lasting effects of AFM, highlighting the challenges faced by families dealing with the illness.
Efforts Towards Finding a Treatment
Dr. Buddy Creech, a pediatric infectious disease physician at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, is leading efforts to develop a potential treatment for AFM. Creech and his team are conducting safety studies on a monoclonal antibody that could potentially halt the progression of the D68 virus and prevent AFM. While the study is still in its early stages, the research holds promise for offering a treatment option for individuals affected by AFM. The lack of effective antiviral medications for AFM underscores the urgent need for innovative treatment solutions to address the debilitating impact of the illness.
Inspiring Resilience in the Face of AFM
Despite the challenges posed by AFM, individuals like Vishnu Kagolanu are finding ways to navigate life with the illness and inspire others. Vishnu, now 17, has founded a nonprofit organization called Neurostronger, dedicated to raising awareness and funds for children with neurologic conditions. Through his advocacy work and personal resilience, Vishnu aims to empower individuals affected by AFM and demonstrate that joy and fulfillment can still be found amidst adversity. His story serves as a testament to the strength and resilience of those living with AFM and their families.
Moving Forward: Addressing the Impact of AFM
As the detection of the D68 virus in wastewater raises concerns about a potential surge in AFM cases, it is crucial for public health authorities and researchers to remain vigilant in monitoring the situation. The development of effective treatment options and preventive measures is essential in mitigating the impact of AFM and improving outcomes for individuals affected by the illness. By fostering collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, and families impacted by AFM, a comprehensive approach can be taken to address the challenges posed by the illness and support those affected in their journey towards recovery and resilience.
