Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a condition that causes abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements. The symptoms can vary, with some people experiencing constipation, others experiencing diarrhea, and some experiencing both. Additional symptoms may include bloating, abdominal cramping, and whitish mucus in the stool. It is important to note that IBS does not cause damage or disease to the digestive tract.
The exact cause of IBS is not known, but it is considered a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. This means that there is a problem with how the brain and gut work together, leading to increased sensitivity in the gut and changes in muscle contractions in the bowel. Approximately 12% of people in the United States have IBS, with women being affected more than men, and symptoms may worsen during menstruation. Those under 50 years old are more likely to experience IBS.
Risk factors for developing IBS include a family history of the condition, a history of stressful life events, mental disorders like depression and anxiety, bacterial infections in the digestive tract, and specific food sensitivities or intolerances. Diagnosis of IBS involves ruling out other conditions through various tests, including blood tests, stool tests, and imaging tests. Sometimes, a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be performed to check for other conditions like colon cancer.
Treatment for IBS focuses on managing symptoms through dietary changes, stress management, and medications for diarrhea or constipation. Probiotics, live microorganisms that can have health benefits, may be recommended to help balance the gut microbiota. Prebiotics, specialized plant fibers that nourish good bacteria in the colon, can also be beneficial.
In addition to dietary changes, increasing physical activity, getting enough sleep, and engaging in mental health and relaxation therapies can help manage IBS symptoms. Medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms such as stomach pain, diarrhea, and constipation. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any treatment regimen.
Alternative treatments for IBS, such as acupuncture, peppermint oil, and hypnotherapy, are also available and may be beneficial for some individuals. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health offers information on different treatment methods for IBS. Overall, managing IBS involves a combination of lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and medical interventions to improve quality of life for individuals with the condition.